23 祈使句的否定,加don’t
24 反意疑问
祈使句(第二人称)
祈使句表示请求,命令,建议,邀请等,谓语动词一律用原型,句子中通常不用主语,句末用惊叹好或者句号,用降调。
★肯定句 动词原型
例, Come here, please. Go downstairs, please. Stand up. Sit down. Be quiet. Be careful.
祈使句中如果有唤语,一定要用逗号隔开,放在句首或者句尾
Come in, Amy.
Sit down here, Tom.
Mary, give me a book please.
★否定:Don't+动词原型
Don't come here.
Don’t sit down.
Don’t stand up.
Don’t give me it.
let sb. do
Let me pass.
Let us have a rest.
Let’s have a rest.
(反意疑问):
Let’s have a walk along the river, shall we?
Let us go out for a drink, will you?
21 倒装句:so/neither的倒装eg.
He can swim. So can I.
I didn’t go to class. Neither did I.
结构:
so/neither+be+ 主语
so/neither+助动词+ 主语
so/neither+情态动词+ 主语
一般现在时, do, does/am, is, are
现在进行时, am, is, are
一般过去时, did
现在完成时, have, has
一般将来时, will, shall,
过去进行时,was, were
过去完成时,had
过去将来时, would
22 直接引语/间接引语
如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时,那么间接引语要做相应变化:时态,人称,时间地点及指示词
5 时态变化:
一般现在时——一般过去时
现在进行时——过去进行时
一般过去时——过去完成时
现在完成时——过去完成时
一般将来时——过去将来时
be going to——was/were going to/would
can----------------could
may---------------might
7 时间地点及指示词的变化:
here-there, tomorrow-the next day, the following day, this-that…
8 人称变化:根据句意改变人称。
9 直接宾语/间接宾语
主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事务,也可以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的,或者是为谁做的。所以间接宾语要用名词或者宾格代词来担当。
He gives me a book.
me间接宾语, a book直接宾语
直接宾语和间接宾语的位置调换时要加一个介词to或for
主语+及物动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语
Give me a book.
Give the book to me.
Send his a letter.
Send a letter to him.
Show him the new dress.
Show the new dress to him.
24 从句:
宾语从句,定语从句(限定性),表语从句,状语从句(if引导的真实条件句)
13 宾语从句:如果宾语从句的主句中的动词为过去时,那么宾语从句中的时态要和主句统一;如果宾语从句为疑问词引导,那么语序要用陈述语序,即主语在前,动词在后。
14 定语从句:
15 表语从句:
16 状语从句(if引导的真实条件句):主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时
What will you do if you win a lot of money?
If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.
26 动词不定式做宾语及宾语补语的用法(详细用法请见NECII)
结构: to do,
用法:可以做除谓语以外的所有成分,语法上称之为非谓语动词。
做宾语:在一些动词后常用不定式做宾语,例如:want, like, ask ,try…
做宾补:want sb. to do, ask sb. to do, like sb. to do…
附录:
代词及be动词
名词复数
动词的第三人称单数形式
动词现在分词
动词过去式
过去式的读音
形容词的比较级
形容词和副词的最高级
代词及be动词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 ........
单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
主格 I we you you she/he/it they
宾格 me us you you her/him/it them
代词所有格 my our your your her/his/its their
名词性代词 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs
be动词现在时 Am are are are is are
be动词过去时 was were were were was were
名词的复数
规则变化的名词复数形式
规则1 一般情况+s e.g. shell→shells toy→toys
规则2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g. fox→foxes church→churches
规则3 以o结尾s或+es e.g. radio→radios potato→potatoes
规则4 以f, fe结尾的,变f, fe为ves e.g. life→lives half→halves
规则5 以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i+es e.g. sky→skies study→studies
动词的第三人称单数形式
规则1 一般情况+s e.g. like-likes, look--looks
规则2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g. do-does, catch--catches
规则5 以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly--flies
动词现在分词
规则一 一般动词加-ing e.g. look-looking, read-reading, play-playing
规则二 以不发音的字母结尾的单词去e加-ing e.g. make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving
规则三 重读闭音节词结尾, 即单词中只有一个元音字母,其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词,双写辅音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop--stopping
动词过去式