V. 虚拟语气的其它表达形式
1． 用介词或介词短语表示虚拟条件
常用的介词或介词短语主要有without（没有），but for（要不是），in the absence of（如果没有）或were it not for（要是没有），but that（假设……不）等。例如：
Without electricity, there would not be modern industry.
But for the leadership of the Party, we couldn’t live such a happy life.
In the absence of gravity, there would be no air around the earth.
Example:
Without gravity, we ______ able to walk.
a. were b. should be c. can be d. should not be
Were it not for the atmosphere, the stars ______ shining at any time in the day.
a. be seen b. can be seen c. could be seen d. could have been seen
2． 用动词不定式表示虚拟条件
It would be a shame to stop our work half-way.
It would take about 125 million of molecules of water to form a row an inch long.
如果要排成一寸长就需要大约一亿二千五百万个水分子。
Example:
It ______ better to think independently.
a. goes b. looks c. would be d. shall be
3． 通过上下文表示虚拟条件
常用的连接词有or, otherwise, but等。例如：
I was very busy yesterday. Otherwise I would have come to see you.
The worn parts have been replaced at the proper time, or a damage might have happened.
磨损的部件及时更换了，否则就会发生破坏。
Example:
He went on foot, but he ______ by bus.
a. might go b. should be gone c. could have gone d. ought have gone
The traffic was very heavy; otherwise I ______ here 50 minutes sooner.
a. would have been b. would be c. should be d. had been
4． 虚拟语气用在...would(或had)rather（或would just as soon）+ 从句的句式中，表示与事实相反的愿望。从句谓语动词要用过去式。例如：
I would rather you stayed here.
I would rather that you didn’t do anything.
I’d just as soon you didn’t go there.
Example:
I’d just as soon ______ those important papers with you.
a. that you won’t take b. your not taking c. please don’t you take d. you didn’t take
I’d rather you ______ anything about it for the time being.
a. do b. didn’t do c. don’t d. didn’t
5． 虚拟语气用在...had hoped that...句型中，表示过去未实现的愿望，意为“原本希望...”，从句谓语用would + 原形动词。例如：
I had hoped that she would answer my letter.
We had hoped that you would change your mind.
His father had hoped that he would be a scientist.
Example:
Tom’s father had hoped that he ______ into business with him.
a. would go b. would have gone c. went d. had gone
6． 虚拟语气用在had better, had best, had rather, would sooner, would rather, would have句型
中，后接原形动词。例如：
You had better close the window.
I would rather stay at home.
You had best leave her alone.
Would you have me tell her a lie?
If you don’t mind, I’d rather not see the play.
I had rather put the books on the desk.
Liu Hu Lan would sooner die than surrender.
Example:
I ______ do that if I were given the choice.
a. would rather not b. rather not c. do not rather d. would not rather
“I haven’t felt well for a week.” “You ______ see a doctor.”
a. had ought to b. had better c. should have to d. had rather
______ do it myself than try to persuade a stubborn fellow like you.
a. I’d rather b. I’d better c. I rather d. I’d like
EXERCISE
1. I would rather ______ a book than watch TV.
a. read b. reading c. to read d. have read
2. You were late again this morning. I think you had better ______ on time.
a. to start to be b. start being c. started being d. to be
