no more than not morethan
no more than应译为"只不过"、"才",如: He wrote no more than three books. 即他真正写了三本书。而not more than则意为"不会多于",如: He wrote not more than three books. 即他写的书不会多于三本。又如: He is no shorter than you. 应译为"你和他都不矮",而He is not shorter than you. 才应译为"他比你高。"
most
[误] Most of students are good at English.
[正] Most of the students are good at English.
[正] Most students are good at English.
[析] most of这一结构后面的名词前一定要有一个限定词。
[误] My friends are most teachers.
[正] My friends are mostly teachers.
[析] mostly意为"大部分的","主要的"。
much
[误] The boy was asleep very much.
[正] The boy was fast asleep.
[析] 不是所有的形容词都可以用very来修饰,如fast asleep意为"熟睡",则是固定搭配。像interesting, exciting, surprising这些形容词化的现在分词,以及tired, interested这些形容词化的过去分词则要用very来修饰。
must
[误] He must be in the office, and mustn't go home.
[正] He must be in the office, and can't go home.
[析] must加动词原形为对事情的肯定推测,而否定的推测则要用can't加动词原形。
[误] It must have rained now.
[正] It must have rained yesterday.
[析] "must+have+过去分词"为对过去发生事情的推测。这句话应译为"昨天一定是下雨了。"又如: I must go and call him. He must have forgotten it.
must have to
must用来表示说话者觉得某件事有必要去做,如I must stop smoking. 其意为:我自己认为我要戒烟;而have to则多用来表达由于来自外界的因素而不得不去做的事,如: I have to go to school tomorrow.must无过去式,当用在讲过去某件必须要做的事时要用had to, 如: When I was young, I had to go to the factory.在否定句中mustn't意为:一定不要做某事,如: You mustn't tell this to Tom. 而haven't to则多意为没有必要去做,如: You don't have to tell this to Tom. 而英语中多用needn't 来取代haven't to.
myself
[误] I can't play pingpong myself.
[正] I can't play pingpong by myself.
[析] 第一句并无语法错误,myself为"我亲自要去",而by myself为"独自一人"。这句话要表达的意思是"我一个人无法打乒乓球。"而I want to play pingpong myself. 应译为"我自己想去打乒乓球。"
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